python和qml混合編程，過程中免不了有很多需要交互數(shù)據(jù)和參數(shù)的情況，雖然現(xiàn)在項目基本完成，回過頭來總結(jié)下參數(shù)傳遞，以防后期查閱，其中有不少借鑒的地方。主要還是以備后期查看。

一、QML顯式的調(diào)用Python函數(shù)(無返回)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# qml-test1.py
'''
定義一個類，并繼承QtCore.QObject對象，并使用@修飾符修飾pyqtSlot
創(chuàng)建rootContext對象，并使用setContextProperty（string, object）注冊對象，    
這樣在QML中就可以調(diào)用這個函數(shù)了。

這個例子運行后，如果點擊鼠標的話，會在控制臺打印字符串。
'''
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView
from PyQt5 import  QtGui, QtWidgets, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

class MyClass(QObject):
    @pyqtSlot(str)    # 輸入?yún)?shù)為str類型
    def outputString(self, string):
        print(string)
    @pyqtSlot(list) # list可以被識別
    def outputlist(self,qmllist):
        print(qmllist)
    @pyqtSlot(QVariant) # dict不能
    def outputdict(self,qmldict):
        print(qmldict.toVariant(),type(qmldict.toVariant()))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    app = QGuiApplication([])
    
    path = 'test.qml'   # 加載的QML文件
    con = MyClass()

    view = QQuickView()
    view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit)
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))

    context = view.rootContext()
    context.setContextProperty("con", con)
    view.setFramePosition(QPoint(100,100))
    view.show()

    app.exec_()

//test.qml
import QtQuick 2.0

Rectangle {
    width: 320; height: 240
    color: "red"
    Text {
        id: txt

        text: "Clicked btn"
        font.pixelSize: 20
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
    MouseArea {
        id: mouse_area
        anchors.fill: parent  // 有效區(qū)域
        onClicked: {
           con.outputString("Hello, Python3") //QML顯式的調(diào)用Python函數(shù)   
           con.outputlist(["Hello, Python3"]) //QML顯式的調(diào)用Python函數(shù)   
           con.outputdict({"Hello": "Python3"}) //QML顯式的調(diào)用Python函數(shù)
        }
    }
}

二、QML顯式的調(diào)用Python函數(shù)(有返回)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# qml-test2.py
'''
這個例子跟上一個相類似，只是這次調(diào)用Python的函數(shù)具有返回值功能。
運行程序后，點擊鼠標，左上角會顯示數(shù)字30。
'''

from PyQt5 import QtGui, QtWidgets, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtQuick import *
from PyQt5.QtQml import *


class MyClass(QObject):
    @pyqtSlot(int, result=str)  
    def returnValue(self, value):
        return str(value + 10)

    @pyqtSlot(int, result=list)   
    def returnList(self, value):
        return [1, 2, 3]

    # @pyqtSlot(int,result=QVariant)  
    # def returnDict(self, value):
    #     return QJsonDocument.fromJson(b'{"test": null}')

    @pyqtSlot(result=QVariant)  
    def returnDict(self, ):
        return {"a": 1, "b": 2} # 鍵必須是字符串

    # @pyqtSlot(int,result=QVariant)  
    # def returnDict(self, value):
    #     return QJsonDocument.fromJson(b'{"test": null}')
    #     # return QVariant()
    #     # return QJsonValue()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QGuiApplication([])

    path = 'test2.qml'  # 加載的QML文件
    con = MyClass()

    view = QQuickView()
    view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit)
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))

    context = view.rootContext()
    context.setContextProperty("con", con)

    view.show()
    app.exec_()

// test2.qml
import QtQuick 2.0

Rectangle {
    id: root
    width: 320; height: 240
    color: "lightgray"
    Text {
        id: txt
        text: "Clicked me"
        font.pixelSize: 20
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
    Text {
        id: txt1
        text: "..."
        font.pixelSize: 20
    }

    MouseArea {
        id: mouse_area
        anchors.fill: parent  // 有效區(qū)域
        onClicked: {
            console.log("test...")  // 控制臺打印信息
            txt1.text = con.returnValue(20) //QML顯式的調(diào)用Python函數(shù)
            console.log(con.returnList(20))
            var data = con.returnDict(20)
            for(var key in data){
                var value = data[key]
                console.log(key, ": ", value)
            }
        }
    }
}

三、QML連接信號到Python

#!/usr/bin/env python
# qml-test3.py

'''
當(dāng)QML觸發(fā)事件的時候，發(fā)射一個信號給Python，此時Python調(diào)用一個函數(shù)。                

先在QML中定義一個信號，

然后在捕獲事件的時候，發(fā)射信號，

最后Python中創(chuàng)建一個rootObject對象，然后連接這個對象，

這個例子中，當(dāng)點擊鼠標的時候，控制臺會打印信息。
'''
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView
from PyQt5 import  QtGui, QtWidgets, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
def outputString(string):
    print(string)

@pyqtSlot(list, result=list) # 并不會自動識別,還是需要toVariant()
def outputList(string):
    print(string.toVariant())
def outputDict(string):
    print(string.toVariant()) # 整數(shù)的鍵過來會自動變字符串

if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = 'test3.qml'   # 加載的QML文件
    app = QGuiApplication([])
    view = QQuickView()
    view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit)
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))
    view.show()

    # 需要信號連接
    context = view.rootObject()
    context.sendClicked1.connect(outputString)   # 連接QML信號sendCLicked
    context.sendClicked2.connect(outputList)   # 連接QML信號sendCLicked
    context.sendClicked3.connect(outputDict)   # 連接QML信號sendCLicked
    context.sendClicked31.connect(outputDict)   # 連接QML信號sendCLicked
    app.exec_()

// test3.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
 
Rectangle {
    id: root
    width: 320; height: 240
    color: "lightgray"
    signal sendClicked1(string str) // 定義信號
    signal sendClicked2(var list) // 定義信號
    signal sendClicked3(var dict) // 定義信號
    signal sendClicked31(var dict) // 定義信號
    Text {
        id: txt
        text: "Clicked me"
        font.pixelSize: 20
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
    MouseArea {
        id: mouse_area
        anchors.fill: parent  //有效區(qū)域
        onClicked: {
            root.sendClicked1("Hello, Python3")//發(fā)射信號到Python
            root.sendClicked2(["Hello, Python3"])//發(fā)射信號到Python
            root.sendClicked3({"Hello":"Python3"})//發(fā)射信號到Python
            root.sendClicked31({1:"Python3"})//發(fā)射信號到Python
        }
    }
}

四、把 python 類注冊成 qml 類

qmlRegisterType(CameraOpencv,'MyCamera',1,0,'MyCustomOpenCVItem')

qml中直接使用

import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Controls 2.2
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.1
import MyCamera 1.0

Item{
    id:root
    property alias myCustomOpenCVItem: myCustomOpenCVItem
    Rectangle{
        color:"black"
        anchors.fill: parent
        MyCustomOpenCVItem{
            id:myCustomOpenCVItem
            objectName:"camera_win"
            anchors.fill:parent
        }
        MouseArea{
            anchors.fill: parent
            onClicked: {
                 content.contentMiddle.myCustomOpenCVItem.save()
            }
        }
    }
}

五、設(shè)置可在 qml 中用的屬性

方法一：

self._goodsName = '' #當(dāng)前商品名稱
goodsNameChanged = pyqtSignal(str)
    @pyqtProperty(str,notify=goodsNameChanged)
    def goodsName(self):
        return self._goodsName

    @goodsName.setter
    def goodsName(self, value):
        self._goodsName = value
        self.goodsNameChanged.emit(value)

方法二：

projectName = pyqtProperty(str, fget=getProjectValue, fset= setProjectValue, notify=projectNameChanged)

.qml 動態(tài)設(shè)置 component

  function getLoader (){
                    switch (uploadStatus)
                    {
                    case "imgUploadFail":
                        return uploadFail
                    case "imgUploadOK":
                        return uploadOK
                    case "imgUploading":
                        return uploading
                    case "imgUploadReady":
                        return null
                    default:
                        return null
                    }

                }

                Loader{
                    id:currLoad
                    anchors.fill:parent
                    sourceComponent:getLoader()
                }